Biology 2023

Objective Questions

The ability of organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as:

(a) Diuresis (b) Endosmosis (c) Homeostasis (d) Plasmolysis

Correct Answer: (c) Homeostasis

The diagram below is an illustration of a mango leaf drawn by a student in a Biology test. The student failed the test. Study it and answer question 2 and 3

From the diagram above, the likely reason why the student failed the test was that the:

(a) Labels were wrong and the guidelines were not touching the structures. (b) Net venation shown were few, rough, not properly drawn, and wrongly placed. (c) Leaf was too short and the shape of the leaf was wrong. (d) Leaf venation should have been parallel and the mid-rib should be thicker.

Correct Answer: (a) Labels were wrong and the guidelines were not touching the structures.

Which other features of the diagram, if shown, would have earned the student more marks?

(a) The color and size (b) Title and magnification (c) Habitat and agricultural qualities of leaf (d) Spelling of label and the length of midrib

Correct Answer: (b) Title and magnification

The diagram below are illustrations of forms in which a particular group of organisms exist. Study them and answer questions 4 and 5

From the diagram above, which group of organisms is illustrated?

(a) Bacteria (b) Viruses (c) Fungi (d) Protozoa

Correct Answer: (a) Bacteria

In which of the illustrated forms does the organism that causes cholera exist?

(a) II (b) III (c) IV (d) V

Correct Answer: (d) V

Study the list of organisms below and use them to answer the questions 6 and 7

I - Hydra
II - Owl
III - Snake
IV - Snail

Arrangement of the organisms in order of increasing complexity is:

(a) I - II - III - IV (b) II - III - I - IV (c) I - IV - II - I (d) IV - III - II - I

Correct Answer: (c) I - IV - II - I

The phylum of the organism labelled IV is:

(a) Coelenterata (b) Platyhelminthes (c) Mollusca (d) Arthropoda

Correct Answer: (c) Mollusca

The diagram below is an illustration of a cell in which photosynthesis takes place. Study it and answer question 8 and 9

In which of the labelled parts would molecules of water and carbon (IV) oxide combine to form sugar?

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

Correct Answer: (d) IV

From the diagram above, the oxygen gas formed in the cell diffuses out of the cytoplasm into the air spaces through the part labelled:

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

Correct Answer: (c) III

An example of a process that involves osmosis is the:

(a) Movement of digested food from ileum into blood capillaries (b) Translocation of starch from leaves to all parts of a plant (c) Reabsorption of food nutrients from the kidney into blood capillaries (d) Movement of water from root hairs into cortical cells

Correct Answer: (d) Movement of water from root hairs into cortical cells

Growth in animals differs from that in plants because growth in:

(a) Plants is intercalary (b) Animals is apical (c) Plants is from within (d) Plants is indefinite

Correct Answer: (d) Plants is indefinite

The diagram below is an illustration of a structure in the skeletal system of humans. Study it and answer questions 12 and 13

The illustrated structure is a part of the:

(a) Cervical vertebrae (b) Axial skeleton (c) Axis vertebrae (d) Appendicular skeleton

Correct Answer: (b) Axial skeleton

An individual was involved in a car accident and the illustrated structure was badly injured. Which of the following structures would most likely be affected?

(a) Lumber, eye, and teeth (b) Ear, brain, and hinge joint (c) Eye, cerebellum, and car (d) Clavicle, tongue, and pelvis

Correct Answer: (c) Eye, cerebellum, and car

The tricuspid valve is located between the:

(a) Left auricle and left ventricle (b) Right auricle and the superior vena cava (c) Aorta and the left ventricle (d) Right auricle and right ventricle

Correct Answer: (d) Right auricle and right ventricle

The diagram below is an illustration of some structures used for gaseous exchange in humans. Study it and answer questions 15 and 16

The parts labelled I, II, III, and IV respectively are:

(a) Larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, and trachea (b) Bronchus, bronchiole, trachea, and larynx (c) Bronchiole, trachea, bronchus, and larynx (d) Larynx, trachea, bronchiole, and bronchus

Correct Answer: (d) Larynx, trachea, bronchiole, and bronchus

The part labelled III above would be found in the:

(a) Heart (b) Lung (c) Kidney (d) Sternum

Correct Answer: (b) Lung

Which of the following hormones is wrongly paired with its secretory organ?

(a) Insulin and pancreas (b) Oestrogen and ovary (c) Oxytocin and hypothalamus (d) Adrenaline and kidney

Correct Answer: (d) Adrenaline and kidney

The eye defect caused by an uneven curvature of the cornea or lens or both is:

(a) Myopia (b) Astigmatism (c) Presbyopia (d) Hypermetropia

Correct Answer: (b) Astigmatism

The androecium in a flowering plant is a collection of:

(a) Ovules (b) Stamens (c) Filaments (d) Sperms

Correct Answer: (b) Stamens

Placentation in fruits is referred to as the:

(a) Part of the ovary where the ovules originate and remain till maturity (b) Formation of a single carpel joined at the two edges of an ovule (c) Arrangement of ovules in the ovary of a flower (d) Ovules borne on a central column of tissues in an ovary

Correct Answer: (c) Arrangement of ovules in the ovary of a flower

Which of the following processes does not occur during photosynthesis?

(a) Carbon (V) oxide is evolved (b) Water is split (c) Oxygen is evolved (d) Energy from sunlight is absorbed

Correct Answer: (a) Carbon (V) oxide is evolved

Stunted growth and small yellow leaves in plants are symptoms of the deficiencies of:

(a) Sulphur (b) Iron (c) Magnesium (d) Nitrogen

Correct Answer: (d) Nitrogen

The structure that its action could result in choking when talking and eating at the same time is:

(a) Epiglottis (b) Oesophagus (c) Liver (d) Stomach

Correct Answer: (a) Epiglottis

The food substance that would produce the highest amount of energy is:

(a) Glucose (b) Fat (c) Amino acid (d) Protein

Correct Answer: (b) Fat

Organisms that feed on dead, decaying tissues of other organisms are known as:

(a) Parasites (b) Autotrophs (c) Heterotrophs (d) Saprophytes

Correct Answer: (d) Saprophytes

The type of nutrition in which organisms take in solid organic materials into their body is:

(a) Holozoic (b) Symbiotic (c) Saprophytic (d) Parasitic

Correct Answer: (a) Holozoic

The mouthparts of a grasshopper are adapted for:

(a) Chewing (b) Grinding (c) Sucking (d) Absorption

Correct Answer: (a) Chewing

A group of organisms belonging to different species that coexist in the same habitat and interact is referred to as:

(a) Population (b) Biosphere (c) Niche (d) Community

Correct Answer: (d) Community

Which of the following factors is the main problem facing xerophytes?

(a) Conservation of excess water (b) Competition for sunlight (c) Lack of adequate water (d) Poor formation of roots

Correct Answer: (c) Lack of adequate water

Fishes survive in water mainly because they possess:

(a) Streamlined body (b) Scales (c) Paired fins (d) Gills

Correct Answer: (d) Gills

Which of the following instruments is not used in measuring abiotic factors in a habitat?

(a) Thermometer (b) Microscope (c) Hygrometer (d) Wind vane

Correct Answer: (b) Microscope

Which of the following soil types have a high capillarity?

(a) Sand and clay (b) Silt and clay (c) Silt and sand (d) Loam and sand

Correct Answer: (b) Silt and clay

The capturing and digestion of insects by a pitcher plant is a special form of nutrition that:

(a) Chemosynthetic (b) Saprophytic (c) Heterotrophic (d) Autotrophic

Correct Answer: (c) Heterotrophic

Which of the following organisms would be the producer in a food chain?

(a) Goat (b) Maize (c) Man (d) Bacterium

Correct Answer: (b) Maize

The rate of decomposition of dead organisms is faster in the tropical rainforest than in other biomes because:

(a) Of consistent cool temperature (b) Of the relatively constant daylight (c) There are more plants (d) Of availability of moisture

Correct Answer: (d) Of availability of moisture

the diagram below are illustrations of organisms in a habitat study them and answer questions 36 and 37

The feeding relationship between the organisms labelled III and IV in the diagram is:

(a) Mutualism (b) Parasitism (c) Predation (d) Saprophytism

Correct Answer: (c) Predation

The producer in the diagram above is:

(a) I because it contains the least amount of energy (b) I because it uses sunlight to manufacture food (c) IV because it is the largest organism in the diagram (d) IV because it is the organism that receives the highest amount of sunlight

Correct Answer: (b) I because it uses sunlight to manufacture food

Which of the following activities is against the conservation of natural resources?

(a) Afforestation (b) Deforestation (c) Establishment of game reserves (d) Contour ploughing

Correct Answer: (b) Deforestation

Use the information below to answer questions 39 and 40

making shoes from crocodile Skin
Making tables with plastic
Using elephant tusk for decoration
using firewood for cooking

The act that should be encouraged for the conservation of wildlife and forests is:

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

Correct Answer: (b) II

In order to avoid some of the acts that would have negative effects on conservation, Government should:

(a) Enact and enforce laws towards conservation of resources (b) Promote felling of trees without planting new ones (c) Encourage indiscriminate killing of wildlife (d) Encourage over-utilization of forest resources

Correct Answer: (a) Enact and enforce laws towards conservation of resources

Which of the following characteristics shows discontinuous variation in plants?

(a) Colour of flower (b) Height of plant (c) Leaf size (d) Fruit size

Correct Answer: (a) Colour of flower

A Rhesus negative woman may experience stillbirth of the second child that is Rhesus positive because:

(a) The woman is susceptible to diseases during pregnancy (b) The blood of the foetus might clump (c) They have poor circulatory system (d) The foetus is deprived of nourishment

Correct Answer: (b) The blood of the foetus might clump

A sudden change in the genetic composition of an organism is termed:

(a) Epistasis (b) Linkage (c) Mutation (d) Variation

Correct Answer: (c) Mutation

Paternity disputes could be resolved accurately through:

(a) Finger printing (b) Blood group (c) DNA test (d) Tongue rolling

Correct Answer: (c) DNA test

The illustration below is a genetic diagram. Study it and answer questions 45 to 47

What is the name of the genetic diagram?

(a) Genetic cross (b) Punnett square (c) Inheritance diagram (d) Genetic square

Correct Answer: (b) Punnett square

What do the labels I, II, III, and IV respectively represent?

(a) EE, EE, EE, and EE (b) Ee, Ee, EE, and Ee (c) EE, EE, Ee, and Ee (d) EE, EE, Ee, and ee

Correct Answer: (c) EE, EE, Ee, and Ee

The genotypic ratio of the offspring in the genetic diagram above is:

(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2:1 (c) 1:3 (d) 4:0

Correct Answer: (a) 1:1

What is the probability that a pregnancy would result in a male child?

(a) 1 (b) 3/4 (c) 1/2 (d) 4

Correct Answer: (c) 1/2

A vestigial structure in humans is:

(a) Gall bladder (b) Villus (c) Earlobe (d) Tail bone

Correct Answer: (d) Tail bone

The following activities are associated with termites except:

(a) Nuptial flight (b) Communication (c) Pollination (d) Searching for food

Correct Answer: (a) Nuptial flight

Theory Questions

What is classification of living things?
State four ways each by which the following groups of organisms are of economic importance in their habitats:
- Fungi;
- Plants.

Complete the table below by stating five major phyla of the Kingdom Animalia and give one example of each.

Phyla of Kingdom Animalia	Example

a. Complete the table below.

Element	Function in plants	Effects of deficiency in plants
Iron
Molybdenum
Potassium
Copper
Nitrogen

b. Name three classes of organic foods which are essential constituents in the diet of a mammal.

c. State two roles each of the following structures of the digestive system in humans:

Buccal cavity;
Duodenum;
Stomach.

d. Name the end product of adding dilute hydrochloric acid to sucrose.

Relationships I, II, III, IV, V exist among some organisms in an ecosystem. Use them to answer questions 3(a) to 3(e).

I: Organism A grows on dead organism B.
II: Organism C feeds on food remnants left by organism D without affecting D.
III: Organism E provides shelter for F while F transports E towards food.
IV: Organism G kills organism B for food.
V: Organism H feeds on J, causing J a disease.

a. Name the type of relationship in I, II, III, IV and V.

b. In relationship IV, what is the biological term for each of organisms B and G?

c. Name one example each of organisms B to J.

d. (i) Name the relationship that is most beneficial to the ecosystem.

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 3(d)(i).

e. (i) Give two examples of organism A.

(ii) Name the group to which organism A belongs.

a. Complete the following Punnett squares of a dihybrid cross between two rats. One has black fur (BB) and short tail (tt), the other has brown fur (bb) and long tail (TT).

X		Bt

bT

b. How many of the offspring will have:

Black fur and short tail;
Brown fur and long tail;
Black fur and long tail;
Brown fur and short tail?

c. If there were twenty (20) chromosomes in the leaf cell of a plant, how many chromosomes would be in each of the following cells of the plant?

Pollen grain
Guard cell
Ovule
Root cell

Practical

List of Specimens

Group I

Specimen A – Mature fresh eggs of catfish
Specimen B – Fresh egg of domestic fowl (raw, with shell intact)
Specimen C – Picture/model/chart of uterus containing a foetus
Specimen D – Longitudinal section of ovary of Pride of Barbados flower
Specimen E – Leaf of Pride of Barbados
Specimen F – Panicum plant/Guinea grass (whole plant)
Specimen G – Cocoyam plant/Caladium plant (whole plant)
Specimen H – Corm of cocoyam
Specimen J – Dry humus in a beaker
Specimen K – Moist humus in a beaker
Specimen L – Ripe orange fruit (whole)
Specimen M – Longitudinal section of coconut fruit
Specimen N – Longitudinal section of fresh chilli pepper fruit

Study specimens A, B, C and D and answer questions 1(a) to 1(f).

State three observable differences between specimens A and B.
In the table below, use a tick (√) to indicate the appropriate modes of reproduction of the organism that possesses each of specimens A, B, and C.

Three observable Features	One function

(i) Name the Phylum/Division of the organisms that possess each of specimens A and D.

(ii) Name the Class of organisms that possess each of specimens A, B, C and D.

State the biological function of specimen B to the organism that possesses it.
Crack open specimen B and carefully empty its content into a Petri dish. Complete the table below by naming three observable features of specimen B and state one function each of the features named.

Three observable Features	One function

State one habitat each of the organisms that possess specimens A, B, and D.

Study specimens F, G, and H and answer questions 2(a) to 2(f)

Name the Class to which each of specimens F and G belong.
State one reason each for the answers in 2(a).
Name the root system of each of specimens F and G.
(i) Detach one complete leaf from specimen F and make a drawing, 8 cm to 10 cm long of the leaf and label fully.

(ii) State one function each of three of the labelled parts of the drawing in 2(d)(i).

State three ways by which specimen F is of economic importance.
(i) Describe briefly four observable features of specimen H.

(ii) State one biological significance of specimen H to the plant from which it was obtained.

Study specimens L, M, and N and answer questions 3(a) to 3(f):

Classify each of specimens L, M and N based on:
type of fruit;
life cycle.
Make a longitudinal section of specimen L, and state four observable differences between specimens.
L and M;
L and N.

State three observable similarities between specimens L and N.
Make a drawing, 8 cm – 10 cm long of specimen N and label fully.
Name the:
mode of dispersal of specimen L;
placentation of specimen L.
State one economic importance of specimen N.